法律英语词汇
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单词:consequential damages 在法律文件中经常和indirect damages, incidental damages并列,indirect damages常被译成“间接损害”,incidental damages常被译成“附带损害”。而consequential damages不太好处理。
我们首先查看The dictionary by Merriam-Webster对consequential的解释:of the nature of a secondary result : indirect
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/consequential
consequential和indirect 是同义词。
《布莱克法律词典》对consequential damages 的解释是:Losses that do not flow directly and immediately from an injurious act but that result indirectly from the act.
品味语义,似乎就是汉语中的“间接损害”。
《元照英美法词典》把consequential damages翻译成间接损害。解释是:由损害行为的某些后果所致的损害,而非由该行为直接导致的损害,即损害出于一般未预料到而与后果又有关的另一特殊情况的发生。这种损害有的可起诉,有的不能起诉。
consequential damages和indirect damages似乎成了同义词。
笔者认为,在法规、合同等法律文件没有专门为consequential damages下定义,也没有司法判例专门说明consequential damages含义的情况下,可以有两种处理思路。一是类似于表示诉讼(如action, suit, litigation, proceedings)或表示赋税的词(如tax, duties, levies, impost, excise or withholding tax)并列的情形,因为中国与国外法律制度不同,汉语中并没有完全对应的词汇,有时将它们合并译成“诉讼”和“赋税”,不妨将前面几个表示损害的词译成“间接损害”,因为它们都与直接损害相对,可以笼统归并为间接损害。如果在实践中对这个词的理解发生争议,法律文件(尤其是协议)的管辖法律条款可以列明解释该词所依据的法律,如果管辖法律是中国法律,当事人可以提请最高人民法院发布司法解释或全国人大常委会作出立法解释。另一种是将consequential damages译成“引致损失”。参看下面的例句:
索引词:consequential
例文:In no event shall any Finance Party be liable on any theory of liability for any special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages however arising and save only where such damages arise due to the sole and proximate cause of such Finance Party’s gross negligence or wilful misconduct, the Company hereby waives, releases and agrees (for itself and on behalf of its affiliates) not to sue upon any such claim for any such damages, whether or not accrued and whether or not known or suspected to exist in its favour. 任何融资当事人无须根据任何责任理论承担任何特殊、间接、引致或惩罚性损害赔偿责任,无论该责任是如何产生的,但上述融资当事人的重大过失或蓄意玩忽职守是造成上述损害赔偿的唯一和直接原因的除外,公司特此放弃根据对于上述损害的赔偿请求权提起诉讼,公司同意(为公司本身和代表公司的关联机构)不提起上述诉讼,无论上述赔偿请求权是否属于应计债权、无论公司是否已经知道或怀疑存在有利于自己的上述赔偿请求权。
[例2]
EXCEPT FOR THE LIMITED WARRANTY PROVIDED IN SECTION 3.5(a) OF THIS AGREEMENT, ABC GRANTS NO OTHER WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY STATUTE, IN ANY COMMUNICA-TION WITH DISTRIBUTOR OR CUSTOMERS, OR OTHERWISE REGARDING THE PRODUCTS, THEIR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE, THEIR QUALITY, OR THEIR MERCHANTABILITY. ABC NEITHER ASSUMES NOR AUTHORIZES ANY OTHER PERSON TO ASSUME ANY OTHER LIABILITIES ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE OR USE OF ANY PRODUCT. THE REMEDIES OF THE DISTRIBUTOR OR AGENT SET FORTH HEREIN SHALL BE THE ONLY REMEDIES AVAILABLE. SAVE AS PROVIDED FOR BY MANDATORY PRODUCT LIABILITY LAW, ABC SHALL IN NO EVENT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOST REVENUES OR PROFITS, WHETHER A CLAIM FOR SUCH DAMAGES IS BASED UPON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, TORT, COMMON LAW, STATUTE OR OTHERWISE. 除本协议第3.5(a)条规定的有限保证以外,ABC在与经销商或者顾客的沟通过程中或者在其他情况下,并未依照制定法作出有关产品、产品的适用性、产品的质量或者产品的适销性的其他明示或者默示的保证或者条件。ABC既未承担也未授权他人承担由于销售或使用产品而产生的或者与销售或使用产品有关的任何其他责任。本协议所规定的经销商或经销商代理人的救济应当是其可资利用的唯一救济。除强制性产品责任法律规定的以外,ABC不承担任何间接、附带或引致损害赔偿责任,包括但不限于收入或利润损失,无论关于上述损害赔偿的请求权是依据保证、合同、侵权、普通法、制定法抑或其他事由。