法律英语词汇
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单词:tenancy [ˈtɛnənsi] n[C,U] 租赁;租赁期限
tenancy表示租赁的法律关系或租赁的期间。标的是不动产。
注意区分lessee & tenant 以及lessor & landlord
lessee和tenant都表示承租人,区别在于lessee既可以指租用不动产的人,也可以指租用动产的人。tenant仅指租用不动产的人。
同理,lessor 和 landlord都表示出租人,区别在于lessor既可以指出租不动产的人,也可以指出租动产的人。landlord仅指出租不动产的人
索引词:tenancy
例文:[例5]
to purchase, lease, take in exchange, hire or otherwise acquire any personal property and any rights or privileges that the company considers necessary or convenient for the purposes of its business; 购买、租赁、换取、租用或以其他方式收购该公司认为就其业务而言属于必要或适宜的任何动产及任何权利或特权;
例句五选自一家香港公司的公司章程大纲(memorandum of association),注意例句用了lease和hire这两个表示租赁的词,它们的对象是动产及权利和特权。
[例6]
to take land in Bermuda by way of lease or letting agreement for a term not exceeding twenty-one years, being land “bona fide” required for the purposes of the business of the company and with the consent of the Minister granted in his discretion to take land in Bermuda by way of lease or letting agreement for a similar period in order to provide accommodation or recreational facilities for its officers and employees and when no longer necessary for any of the above purposes to terminate or transfer the lease or letting agreement; 以租约或租赁协议方式在百慕大获得期限不超过二十一年之土地,即为进行该公司业务“真正”需要的土地,并经司法部长酌情同意就以租约或租赁协议方式在百慕大获得类似期限之土地,以为其高级人员及雇员提供住宿或休闲设施,并于不再需作任何上述目的时终止或转让该租约或租赁协议;
[例7]
Sublet: A sublet occurs when the tenant moves out of the rental unit, lets another person (the “sub-tenant”) live there until a specified date, and can return to live in the unit before the tenancy ends. The tenancy agreement and the landlord-tenant relationship do not change. 转租:当租户搬出出租单元,让另一个人(“转租户”)住进出租单元,直到指定的日期,而且租户可以在租期结束之前返回该单元居住,就会发生转租。租赁协议和房东租户关系不变。
A tenant who sublets a rental unit cannot:
⑴ charge a higher rent than the landlord does for the rental unit;
⑵ collect any additional fees for subletting the rental unit; or
⑶ charge the sub-tenant for additional goods or services.
将出租单元进行转租的租户不能有下列行为:
⑴ 收取的租金高于房东就出租单元收取的租金;
⑵ 就转租出租单元收取任何额外费用;或者
⑶ 就其他物品或服务向转租户收取费用。
Residential Tenancies Act, 2006 (Canada)
[例8]
Possible expansion of the business scope of the Developer may include (1) management of the rental of the townhomes completed and sold in the Project, and (2) per the option granted in the Agreements, the development of the 6 remaining Option Lots. 开发商有可能扩大的营业范围包括:(一)管理本项目中已经建成和售出的连排别墅的租赁事宜以及(二)按照协议中授予的选择权,开发六块剩余的备选地块。
[例9]
The General Partner has hired AAA, the current developer of XYZ Resort with over 25 years of resort development experience across the U.S., to provide certain pre-development services. The General Partner intends to hire BBB Architecture and CCC Planning, Engineering & Surveying, the original architectural and engineering firms for the first 12 townhomes in the Community, to update and finish all the design and engineering drawings. 普通合伙人已经聘请XYZ度假村的当前开发商AAA来提供某些开发前期服务,AAA在美国各地开发度假地的经验超过二十五年。普通合伙人打算聘请BBB建筑师事务所和CCC规划、工程和测绘事务所来更新和完成所有设计和工程图纸,它们就是承建社区最初十二座连排别墅的建筑事务所和工程事务所。
例句八和例句九选自美国律师起草的同一份文件,大家可以看出句中使用rental表示租赁,使用hire的义项是雇请。
[例10]
All software used in connection with the Equipment, Parts or Services, either purchased or rented from Seller, is copyrighted and owned by Seller and licensed to Buyer. 买方向卖方购买或租赁的用于设备、零件或服务的所有软件,均受版权保护,归卖方所有并特许买方使用。
[例11]
a. Seller shall release, indemnify, defend and hold Buyer Group harmless from and against any and all Claims in respect of personal or bodily injury to, sickness, disease or death of any member of Seller Group or Seller Group’s subcontractors or their employees, agents or invitees, and all Claims in respect of damage to or loss or destruction of property owned, leased, rented or hired by any member of Seller Group or Seller Group’s subcontractors or their employees, agents or invitees. 对于卖方集团或者卖方集团的分包人或者它们的雇员、代理人或者受邀请人的任何成员所受到的对人伤害或者人身伤害,所发生的不适、疾病或者死亡,以及对于卖方集团或者卖方集团的分包人或者它们的雇员、代理人或者受邀请人的任何成员拥有或者租赁的财产所遭受的破坏或者灭失或者毁损,卖方应当使买方集团免于承担与之有关的任何和所有权利请求。
b. Buyer shall release, indemnify, defend and hold Seller Group harmless from and against any and all Claims in respect of personal or bodily injury to, sickness, disease or death of any member of Buyer Group or Buyer Group’s other contractors or their employees, agents or invitees, and all Claims in respect of damage to or loss or destruction of property owned, leased, rented or hired by any member of Buyer Group or Buyer Group’s other contractors or their employees, agents or invitees. 对于买方集团或者买方集团的其它承包人或者它们的雇员、代理人或者受邀请人的任何成员所受到的对人伤害或者人身伤害,所发生的不适、疾病或者死亡,以及对于买方集团或者买方集团的其它承包人或者它们的雇员、代理人或者受邀请人的任何成员拥有或者租赁的财产所遭受的破坏或者灭失或者毁损,买方应当使卖方集团免于承担与之有关的任何和所有权利请求。
[例12]
Should Tenant hold over and remain in possession of the Premises after the expiration of the Term without Landlord’s consent, it shall not be deemed or construed to be renewal of this Lease, but shall only operate to create a month-to-month tenancy which may be terminated by either party at the end of any month upon thirty (30) days’ written notice to the other party. During any holding over period, the Lease shall otherwise remain in full force and effect, except that Base Rent shall be one hundred percent (100%) of the Base Rent then in effect. 假若承租人在期限结束之后,未经出租人同意,继续占有场所,承租人的行为不应被视为或解释为重订《租约》,而是仅应作为创设了按月租赁,任何一方当事人均可以在提前三十(30)日书面通知对方后,在任何月份结束时终止这种租赁关系。在逾期占有租赁物期间,《租约》仍应保持充分的效力,但逾期占有期间的基本租金应当是当时施行的基本租金的百分之一百(100%)。
我们可以看出,在上面的例句中,lease表示租赁契约, rent表示租金,tenancy表示租赁法律关系或状态。
[例13]
lessee consent/notice issues – lessees will generally require quiet enjoyment letters from any person holding a mortgage over the aircraft and leases may contain other limitations on the creation of aircraft mortgages. Aircraft mortgages would, by definition, require involving the lessees in the process and this can be time-consuming and costly; 承租人的同意/通知问题——承租人往往要求对于飞机享有抵押权的人出具安宁用益权利保证函,而且租约可能包含针对创设飞机抵押的其他限制。根据定义,飞机抵押需要承租人介入飞机抵押过程,这可能耗费时间和资金;
[例14]
The original lettable space is 7,100 square metres. At this moment, the lettable area given by your Mr. John Doe is 6,700 square metres as informed by Mr. Richard Roe of XYZ. We have yet to confirm the actual area till our interior designer recomputes the lettable areas. If the new lettable floor area is short of 8% to 10%, then we request the external bridge open areas for some seating arrangement for the café or food & beverage outlets during good weather condition. 原有的可出租面积是7,100平方米。目前,根据XYZ的Richard Roe先生告知我方的情况,贵司John Doe提供的可出租面积只有6,780平方米。迨我方内部设计师重新计算出可出租面积,我方才能确认实际面积。如果新得出的可出租楼面面积缺额达到8%至10%,我方要求在天气状况良好时,在外部天桥露天区域为咖啡店或者餐饮店安排若干座位。
[例15]
XYZ leases its aircraft on a “dry” basis, under which lessees are responsible for all operating expenses including fuel, crew, taxes and insurance. In addition, the lessees pay for the maintenance and repair of the airframe and for engine overhauls during the term (and may be eligible for reimbursement from maintenance reserves already paid, where applicable) and are responsible for compliance with stipulated aircraft return conditions at lease maturity. Some leases provide for XYZ to contribute to the cost of implementing airworthiness directives which exceed a certain dollar threshold. XYZ在“光租”的基础上出租它的飞机,据此,承租人负责包括燃料、机组人员、税费和保险在内的所有运营费用。此外,承租人在承租期限内还支付机体的维护和修理费用和发动机的大修费用(在可行的情况下,承租人可以从已经支付的维护准备金中报销上述费用),在租约到期时承租人负责遵守返还飞机的规定条件。某些租赁协议规定XYZ缴纳超过一定以美元计算的最低额度的执行适航指令的费用。
[例16]
The Pledgor shall not (nor shall the Pledgor agree to) enter into a single transaction or a series of transactions (whether related or not and whether voluntary or involuntary) to sell, lease, transfer, assign or otherwise dispose of any Pledged Asset except, in the case of Dividends, as permitted by Clause 4.3 (Dividends before enforcement) or as permitted under the terms of the Facility Agreement. 出质人不得(亦不得同意他人)订立出售、租赁、转移、转让或者以其他方式处置质押资产的单项交易或者系列交易(无论是否存在关联,无论是否出于自愿),但第4.3条(执行前的股息)所准许有关股息的处置,或者根据《贷款协议》获准的处置除外。
[例17]
During the term of this Agreement, the Mortgagor shall not lease, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of the Mortgaged Property in whole or in part (save for the Permitted Leases) without the prior written consent of the Lender. Any purported lease, assignment, transfer or other disposal of the Mortgaged Property in whole or in part except as expressly permitted in this Clause shall be invalid. 在本协议的存续期间内,事前未经贷款人书面批准,抵押人不得租赁、让与、转让或以其他方式处置全部或部分抵押不动产(获准的租赁除外)。除了本条明示准许的处置以外,任何意欲对抵押不动产的租赁、让与、转让或者其他处置无效。
[例18]
Notwithstanding the provisions of Clause 4 of this Memorandum of Association, nothing herein contained shall prevent the payment, in good faith, of reasonable and proper remuneration to any officer or servant of the Foundation or to any member of the Foundation, in return for any service actually rendered to the Foundation, nor prevent the payment of interest at a rate not exceeding 2 percent above the prime rate established by The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited for Hong Kong dollar loans on money lent or reasonable and proper rent for premises demised or let, by any member to the Foundation, but so that no member of the Board of Governors of the Foundation shall be appointed to any salaried office of the Foundation or any office of the Foundation paid by fees and that no remuneration or other benefit in money or money's worth shall be given by the Foundation to any such person except repayment of out-of-pocket expenses and interest at the abovementioned rate on money lent or reasonable and proper rent for premises demised or let to the Foundation, provided that such provision shall not apply to any payment to any company of which such person may be a member and in which such person holds not more than one-hundredth part of the capital or controls not more than one-hundredth part of the votes and such person shall not be bound to account for any share of profits received in respect of any such payment. 即便本章程大纲第4条有如是规定,本章程大纲中任何内容不妨碍基金会就它的高级管理人员或雇员或基金会的任何成员为它实际提供的服务,善意地向该高级管理人员、雇员或成员支付合理且适当的报酬,也不妨碍基金会按照一定利率(不得比香港上海汇丰银行有限公司为港元贷款规定的优惠利率高出百分之二)就任何成员借给基金会的款项支付利息或者就任何成员租给基金会的场所支付合理且适当的租金,但是不得任命基金会理事会的成员担任基金会的任何有固定薪金的职务或者任何领取报酬的职务,基金会亦不得给予上述人员任何金钱或具有金钱价值的报酬或其他好处,除非偿付他们垫付的费用和按照上述利率就借给基金会的款项支付利息或者就租给基金会的场所支付合理且适当的租金;如果上述人员是某一公司的成员,而且上述人员持有该公司不超过百分之一的资本或者控制该公司不超过百分之一的表决权,则上面的规定不适用于对该公司的偿付,上述人员也没有义务说明他们所收到的与对该公司的偿付有关的股份或利润。