本文選自《法律英語：語句翻譯點睛》

http://www.angle.com.tw/book.asp?BKID=14101&bkid_1=&KindID3=&KindID4=

法律檔中經常用到subject to something這個短語，翻譯過程中切勿照搬詞典中關於它的解釋，正確的做法是在掌握詞典釋義的基礎上，仔細分析、理解語句的意思，然後靈活地轉化成地道的譯文。

【例句34】

18. Transfer of Shares

1. 
   

2. Subject to this Constitution and the Listing Rules, a member may transfer all or any of the member’s shares:

1. 
   

2. as provided by the Operating Rules of a CS Facility, if applicable; or

3. by any other method of transfer which is required or permitted by the Corporations Act and ASX.

1. 
   

2. If a duly completed instrument of transfer:

1. 
   

2. is used to transfer a share in accordance with Article 18(1)(b); and

1. 
   

2. is left for registration at the share registry of the Company, accompanied by any information that the Voting Directors properly require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer,

the Company must, subject to the powers vested in the Voting Directors by this Constitution, register the transferee as the holder of the share.

【參考譯文】

18.轉讓股份

(1) 在不違反本章程和上市規則的情況下，股東可以按以下方式轉讓其所持全部或任何股份：

(a) 如果可以適用清算結算設施的運營規則，則按照該規定轉讓股份；或者

(b) 採用《公司法》和交易所要求或允許的其他任何方法轉讓股份。

(2) 如果有正式完成的轉讓文書：

(a) 用於按照第18條第(1)款(b)項規定轉讓股份；且

(b) 交由本公司股份登記處登記，並提供有表決權股東合理要求的資訊以表明轉讓人有權進行轉讓，

本公司須將受讓人登記為該股份的持股人，但不得妨礙本章程賦予有表決權董事的權力。

【要點解析】

subject to 是法律檔中經常用到的重要短語。我們現在根據朗曼詞典（Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English）的解釋，梳理一下subject to 的義項：

be subject to something

a) if someone or something is subject to something, especially something bad, it is possible or likely that they will be affected by it  

b) if something is subject to something such as approval, it depends on that thing happening before it can happen

be subject to a rule/law/penalty/tax etc =if you are subject to a rule, law, penalty etc, you must obey the rule or pay an amount of money  

我們可以看出，第一個義項表示有可能承受某種局面，特別是不利的局面。第二個義項則表示須取決於某種條件。我們經常用到的短語be subject to a rule/law/penalty/tax等等，則表示須遵守或依循規章、法律，或者須接受處罰或須繳納捐稅等等。

我們回過頭來看這個例句，subject to the powers vested in the Voting Directors by this Constitution語義並不十分明確，看不出股份轉讓與賦予有表決權董事的權力之間具體是何種法律關係。不過根據上面的梳理，我們知道subject to something這個短語大致上表示約束、限制。既然從原文的行文中無法斷定確切的含義，譯者不宜越俎代庖，妄下斷言，故我們把它暫譯為“但不得妨礙本章程賦予有表決權董事的權力”。

另外，我們還要特別注意在subject to something這個短語中，subject是形容詞。subject也可以作為動詞，構成短語subject somebody/something to something。根據朗曼詞典（Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English）的解釋，這個動詞短語的意思是“to force someone or something to experience something very unpleasant, especially over a long time”。也就是說讓某人或某物承受不利的局面。

我們通過下面的例句體會這個動詞短語的用法：

https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/AA2001#pr48-

Court may set aside award

48.—(1)An award may be set aside by the Court —

(a)if the party who applies to the Court to set aside the award proves to the satisfaction of the Court that —

(i)a party to the arbitration agreement was under some incapacity;

(ii)the arbitration agreement is not valid under the law to which the parties have subjected it, or failing any indication thereon, under the laws of Singapore;

(iii)the party making the application was not given proper notice of the appointment of an arbitrator or of the arbitral proceedings or was otherwise unable to present his case;

[Act 12 of 2012 wef 01/06/2012]

(iv)the award deals with a dispute not contemplated by or not falling within the terms of the submission to arbitration, or contains decisions on matters beyond the scope of the submission to arbitration, except that, if the decisions on matters submitted to arbitration can be separated from those not so submitted, only that part of the award which contains decisions on matters not submitted to arbitration may be set aside;

(v)the composition of the arbitral tribunal or the arbitral procedure is not in accordance with the agreement of the parties, unless such agreement is contrary to any provisions of this Act from which the parties cannot derogate, or, in the absence of such agreement, is contrary to the provisions of this Act;

(vi)the making of the award was induced or affected by fraud or corruption;

(vii)a breach of the rules of natural justice occurred in connection with the making of the award by which the rights of any party have been prejudiced; or

(b)if the Court finds that —

(i)the subject-matter of the dispute is not capable of settlement by arbitration under this Act; or

(ii)the award is contrary to public policy.

(2)An application for setting aside an award may not be made after the expiry of 3 months from the date on which the party making the application had received the award, or if a request has been made under section 43, from the date on which that request had been disposed of by the arbitral tribunal.

(3)When a party applies to the Court to set aside an award under this section, the Court may, where appropriate and so requested by a party, suspend the proceedings for setting aside an award, for such period of time as it may determine, to allow the arbitral tribunal to resume the arbitral proceedings or take such other action as may eliminate the grounds for setting aside an award.

[Act 12 of 2012 wef 01/06/2012]

【參考譯文】

高等法院可以撤銷仲裁裁決

48.—(1)如有下列情況，高等法院可以撤銷仲裁裁決：

(a)向高等法院申請撤銷仲裁裁決的當事人證明並且使高等法院確信：

(i)仲裁協議的一方當事人欠缺某種行為能力；

(ii)根據雙方當事人用來規範仲裁協定的法律，仲裁協定不具有法律效力，如果雙方當事人沒有指明適用何種法律，則根據新加坡的法律，仲裁協議不具有法律效力；

(iii)提出申請的當事人沒有得到關於委任仲裁員或關於仲裁程式的適當通知或者因其他緣故而無法陳述其案情；

[自二〇一二年六月一日開始施行的二〇一二年第十二號法律]

(iv)仲裁裁決解決的糾紛並非仲裁協議所考慮的糾紛或者不符合提交仲裁的條件，或者仲裁裁決含有關於某些事項的決定，而這些事項超出可以提交仲裁的範圍，但是如果針對被提交仲裁的事項作出的決定可以與針對未提交仲裁的事項作出的決定分離，則只有仲裁裁決中包含針對未提交仲裁的事項作出的決定的那一部分可以被撤銷；

(v)仲裁庭的組成或仲裁程式沒有遵循雙方當事人達成的協議，除非該協議違反在本法中雙方當事人不得減損的規定；或者如果雙方當事人沒有達成此類協定，仲裁庭的組成或仲裁程式違反本法的有關規定；

(vi)仲裁裁決是在受到欺詐或舞弊手段的教唆或影響下作出的；

(vii)發生了與作出仲裁裁決有關的違反自然公正原則的情形，導致任何一方當事人的權利受到損害；或者

(b)如果高等法院認定——

(i)不能根據本法以仲裁方式解決糾紛的標的；或者

(ii)仲裁裁決違反公共政策。

(2)自申請撤銷仲裁裁決的當事人收到仲裁裁決之日起的三個月期間屆滿後，或者如果當事人已經根據第43條提出請求，則自該項請求已經得到仲裁庭處理之日起的三個月期間屆滿後，不得提出撤銷仲裁裁決的申請。

(3)一方當事人根據本條向高等法院申請撤銷一項仲裁裁決，在適當而且當事人請求的情形下，高等法院可以在它決定的期限內中止撤銷仲裁裁決的程式，允許仲裁庭重新開機仲裁程式或採取其他行動來消除撤銷仲裁裁決的理由。

[自二〇一二年六月一日開始施行的二〇一二年第十二號法律]

我們簡單地解析上面這個例句，第48條(1)款(a)項(ii)目中“the arbitration agreement is not valid under the law to which the parties have subjected it”，定語從句的主語是the parties，謂語是have subjected，代詞it指代the arbitration agreement，作為直接賓語，關係代詞which修飾先行詞the law，作為謂語的間接賓語。